When Does Sleep Constitute a Valid Excuse for Missing Prayer?متى يكون النوم عذرًا في ترك الصلاة؟
The brother asks: when is sleep a valid excuse for missing prayer? This can be divided into categories.
The first category: one who slept at the usual hour without excessive late-night staying up, then slept after putting in place the means and precautions for waking up, but did not wake up — this person is excused. Because he was not negligent. He did not commit anything forbidden in staying up, and he had set something to wake him but did not wake. And this falls under the general meaning of the Prophet's ﷺ saying: "Whoever [sleeps through] a prayer or forgets it, let him pray it when he remembers it." And this falls under the narration — the lifting of the pen from him — the hadith of Aisha narrating from 'Ali as a mawquf report, and it is the soundest thing in this chapter.
The second category: staying up late and deliberately staying up without need, then just before Fajr, he sleeps. Such a person usually does not wake up, if there is no one to wake him. Such a person has been negligent in his sleep. Because staying up late is conducive to missing the congregational prayer in the masjid, and because this staying up led him to committing something forbidden — and anything that leads to the forbidden is itself forbidden.
The third case: that he goes to sleep early and takes the appropriate precautionary steps, but then wakes up for prayer, is negligent, and goes back to sleep — saying "I'll get up now" — then sleeps again after having been roused and his reason returned to him, but he keeps going back and forth, sleeping again, saying "I'll wake up now," and so on, procrastinating. Such a person has no excuse, because he did wake up and the obligation to respond to Allah's call was upon him. He has no excuse in this type because he woke up and understood the intended meaning and knew what was required, so the obligation of rising for prayer was upon him. Such a person is not excused by his sleep.
النص العربي الأصلي
متى يكون النوم عذرا في ترك الصلاة. يمكن يقسم هذا الى اقسام. القسم الاول من نام في الوقت المعتاد دون افراط في السهر ثم نام بعد وضع الاليات والاحتياطات للاستيقاظ ولم يستيقظ هذا معذور. لانه لم يفرط. ولم يرتكب حراما في سهره وقد وضع شيئا يوقظه فلم يستيقظ فيدخل في عموم قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم من نام عن صلاة ونسيها فليصلي اذا ذكرها وهذا يدخل في رفع القلم عنه حديث عائشة عن علي موقوفا وهو اصح شيء في الباب. القسم الثاني السهر ويتعمد السهر بدون حاجة. ثم قبيل الفجر ينام. فمثل هذا عادة ما يستيقظ. اذا لم يوجد من يوقظه. فمثل هذا يعد في نومه مفرطا. لان السهر مظنة لترك صلاة الجماعة في المسجد ولان هذا السهر ادى به الى فعل حرام والشيء الذي يؤدي الى الحرام هو حرام. الحالة الثالثة ان ينام مبكرا ويعمل بالاسباب المقتضية ولكنه يستيقظ للصلاة ويتساهل وينام. يقول الان اقوم وينام بعد ما اوقظ ورد اليه عقله ولكنه يتساهل وينام مرة اخرى يقول الان استيقظ ونحو ذلك ويسوف فمثل هذا لا عذر له لانه قد استيقظ ووجب عليه اجابة داعي الله. ولا عذر له في هذا النوع لانه قد استيقظ وفهم المقصود وعرف المراد فكان عليه وجوب القيام الى الصلاة. فمثل هذا لا يعذر بنومه.